Geol.771 GEMOLOGY 3 C.H)
Crystallography, coloring metals in gemstones, the origin and environment of gems occurrences, physical and chemical characteristics of gemstones, inclusion in gemstones, luminescence, evaluation techniques of important gemstones (i.e., diamond, ruby, sapphire, emerald, aquamarine, topaz, tourmaline, peridote, garnet, spodumenc, quartz, turquoise and lapis lazuli) and their genesis, gemstones occurrences in Pakistan: structure associated gemstones, pegmatite associated gemstones, gemstones in hydrothermal veins and miscellaneous gemstones.
Books Recommended:- Gems by Webster, R., 1970. Butterworth and Co, Publishers, London.
- Gems made by man by Nassau, K., 1980. Chilton Book Co., PA, USA.
- Practical gemmology by Webster, R., 1978. NAG Press Ltd, London.
- Gemstones by Smith, F.H. and Philips, F. C., 1971. Chapman and Hall Publications.
- Gems, their source, deposition and identification by Webster, R. and Anderson, B.W., 1983. 4th edition, Butterworth and Co., Publisher, London.
- Practical introduction to optical mineralogy by Gribble, C.D. and Hall, A.J., 1992. Champan and Hall.
- Metallogeny and mineral deposits of Pakistan by Kazmi, A.H. and Abbas, S.G., 2001. Orient Petroleum Inc.
- Geology and tectonics of Pakistan by Kazmi, A.H. and Jan, M.Q., 1997. Graphic Publishers, Karachi.