Course Contents:
Metallogenic provinces of Pakistan; Exploration and mining of mineral deposits in Pakistan. Ore Forming Processes and Types of Mineral Deposits: Magmatic Segregations; Pegmatitic Ore Deposits; Pneumatolytic Ore Deposits; Hydrothermal Ore Deposits; Metasomatic Ore Deposits; Metamorphic Ore Deposits; Secondary Enrichment Type Deposits; Sedimentary Mineral Deposits. Plate tectonics and mineralization: Mineralization associated with hotspots, auloacogens and rifts; mineralization associated with convergent, divergent and transform plate margins. Gondwanic Domain and Associated Minerals: Indus basement; Indus platform and foredeep; Foreland sedimentary fold-belt; Ophiolitic thrust-belt; Kalachitta-Margalla thrust-belt; Himalayan crystalline zone. Tethyan Domain and Associated Minerals: Indus suture zone; Kohistan magmatic arc; Karakoram block; Balochistan flysch basin: Makran and Kakar Khorasan; Chagai-Ras Koh magmatic arcs. Metallic Minerals: Antimony; Bauxite and laterite; Chromite; Copper; Gold-silver and platinum; Iron ore; Lead and zinc; Manganese ore; Radioactive minerals; Tungsten. Mineral Economics: The economics of mineral exploration and mining; The mineral industry in Pakistan. Environmental Impacts of Mining. Mitigation strategies for environmental impacts. Case Studies of Mineral Deposits in Pakistan: Saindak copper-gold deposit; Reko Diq copper-gold deposit; Tethyan copper belt; Khewra salt mine; Duddar lead-zinc deposit.
Books Recommended

1. Metallogeny and mineral deposits of Pakistan by Kazmi, A. H., & Abbas, S. G. (2001). Orient Petroleum Inc.
2. Mineral and rocks for industries by Ahmad, Z., & Siddiqi, R. A. (1992). Geological Survey of Pakistan.
3. Directory of mineral deposits of Pakistan by Ahmad, Z. (1969). Geological Survey of Pakistan.
4. Geology of Pakistan by Bender, F., & Raza, S. H. (1995). Gebruder Borntraeger, Berlin.
5. Geology and tectonics of Pakistan by Jan, M. Q., & Kazmi, A. H. (1997). Graphics Publishers.